I need to move due to a job transfer. Is it possible to buy a home based on the amount of income I will be getting at the new job?

Maybe, but for most people, no. If you have a signed CONTRACT for your new job (and very few people do), you can close on the new home without ever working a day at the new job. If you are working for the same company, but in a new location, you MAY get approved. If changing companies, and you have a job offer letter, which is what most people have, you typically have to actually start working at the job and receive a pay check or two from the new job BEFORE you can close on the new house based on the new job. This is counter to what most people want, but lenders want to know you've actually started working there before allowing you to close.

Typically no. Most lenders want to see your paystubs and will calculate your earnings on a ytd basis. You may want to start the new job, get a few paystubs you can show and then apply of the mortgage.